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Mahkamah Mosque
The Mahkamah Mosque (also known as Mosque of Birdibak or Madrasa of Amir Bardabak; Arabic transliteration: ''Jāmi' al-Mahkamah al-Birdibakiyyah'') is a congregational mosque and ''madrasa'', built in 1455. It was destroyed by Israeli bombing during the attack on Gaza in 2014. The mosque was located along Baghdad Street near the main western entrance of the Shuja'iyya district in Gaza City, Palestine.〔Sadeq, Mu'en. (Madrasa of Amir Bardabak (el-Mahkama Mosque) ). Excerpt from Sadeq's ''Pilgrimage, Sciences and Sufism: Islamic Art in the West Bank and Gaza'' provided by Museum With No Frontiers. 2004-2012.〕
==History==
The mosque was built in 1455 on the orders of Sayf al-Din Birdibak al-Ashrafi, the ''dawadar'' of the Mamluk sultan Sayf al-Din Inal. Birdibak was highly religious and convened an annual conference to discuss the hadith of the 9th-century Muslim scholar Muhammad al-Bukhari. He reached high positions within the Mamluk state and built two other Friday mosques in Damascus and Cairo. The Mahkamah Mosque was originally part of a ''madrasa'' ("religious school"), and education served as the building's principal function. Prayers were also held regularly and on Fridays.〔
During Ottoman rule between the 16th and early 20th centuries, the school functioned as a courthouse for the city's ''qadis'' ("judges"), hence its Arabic name ''al-Mahkamah'' ("the Court.")〔Sharon, 2009, p. ( 166 )〕 In the late 19th-century Swiss scholar Max van Berchem found a Kufic inscription fixed over the ''mihrab'' ("pulpit") of the mosque that belonged to the tombstone of Muhammad ibn al-Abbas al-Hashimi,〔Sharon, 2009, p. ( 41 )〕 a member of the Hashemite family who had died in Gaza in the late 9th-century.〔Sharon, 2009, p. ( 44 )〕 On top of the mosque's entrance is the foundation inscription crediting Birdibak for the mosque's construction and honoring Sultan Inal.〔Sharon, 2009, p. ( 167 )〕
During the British Mandate period following World War I it served as boy's religious school under the name Madrasa al-Shuja‘iyya al-Amiriyya. The mosque was destroyed by the Israeli airforce in Operation "Protective Edge".〔
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